30. Ar-Rum
30.1 Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas (رضي الله عنه)
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said: If anyone repeats in the morning:
﴾ فسبحان الله حين تمسون وحين تصبحون ﴿
So exalted is Allah when you reach the evening and when you reach the morning.
﴾ وله الحمد في السماوات والأرض وعشيّا وحين تظهرون ﴿
And to Him is [due all] praise throughout the heavens and the earth. And [exalted is He] at night and when you are at noon.
﴾ يخرج الحي من الميت ويخرج الميت من الحي ويحيي الأرض بعد موتها وكذلك تخرجون ﴿
He brings the living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the living and brings to life the earth after its lifelessness. And thus will you be brought out. (30:17-19)
he will get that day what he has missed; and if anyone repeats these words in the evening he will get that night what he has missed. Ar-Rabi’ transmitted it from al-Layth.
30.2 Abu Huraira (رضي الله عنه) reported
Allah’s Messenger (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) as saying: There is none born but is created to his true nature (Islam). It is his parents who make him a Jew or a Christian or a Magian quite as beasts produce their young with their limbs perfect. Do you see anything deficient in them?” Then he quoted the Qur’an,
﴾ فطرت الله التي فطر الناس عليها لا تبديل لخلق الله ﴿
The nature made by Allah in which He has created men there is no altering of Allah’s creation; that is the right religion (30:30)
30.3 Narrated Sa’eed bin Jubair (رضي الله عنه)
From Ibn ‘Abbas (رضي الله عنه), regarding the saying of Allah, Most High:
﴾ الم ﴿
Alif Lam Mim
﴾ غلبت الروم ﴿
The Romans have been defeated
﴾ في أدنى الأرض ﴿
In the nearest land (30:1-3)
he said: “Ghulibat wa Ghalabat (defeated and then victorious).” He said: “The idolaters wanted the Persians to be victorious over the Romans because they too were people who worshiped idols, while the Muslims wanted the Romans to be victorious over the Persians because they were people of the Book. This was mentioned to Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه), so Abu Bakr mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) and he said: ‘They will certainly prevail.’
Abu Bakr mentioned that to them, and they said: ‘Make a wager between us and you; if we win, we shall get this and that, and if you win, you shall get this or that.’ He made the term five years, but they (the Romans) were not victorious. They mentioned that to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) and he said: “Why did you not make it less (than)” – He (one of the narrators said): I think he said: “ten?” He said: Sa’eed said: “Al-Bid’ is what is less than ten” – he said: “Afterwards the Romans have been victorious.” He said: “That is what Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) said:
﴾ الم ﴿
Alif Lam Mim
﴾ غلبت الروم ﴿
The Romans have been defeated
﴾ في أدنى الأرض ﴿
In the nearest land
﴾ في بضع سنين لله الأمر من قبل ومن بعد ويومئذ يفرح المؤمنون ﴿
Within three to nine years. To Allah belongs the command before and after. And that day the believers will rejoice
﴾ بنصر الله ينصر من يشاء وهو العزيز الرحيم ﴿
In the victory of Allah. He gives victory to whom He wills, and He is the Exalted in Might, the Merciful (30:1-5)
Sufyan said: “I heard that they were victorious over them on the Day of Badr.”
Jami` at-Tirmidhi Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 3193
30.4 It was narrated from Shabib Abi Rawh, from a man among the companions of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم), that
He prayed Subh and recited Ar-Rum, but he stumbled in his recitation. When he had finished praying he said: ‘What is the matter with people who pray with us without purifying themselves properly? Those people make us stumble in reciting Quran.'”
30.5 Narrated Masruq (رضي الله عنه)
We were with `Abdullah and he said, “When the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) saw the refusal of the people to accept Islam he said, “O Allah! Send (famine) years on them for (seven years) like the seven years (of famine during the time) of (Prophet) Joseph.” So famine overtook them for one year and destroyed every kind of life to such an extent that the people started eating hides, carcasses and rotten dead animals. Whenever one of them looked towards the sky, he would (imagine himself to) see smoke because of hunger.
So Abu Sufyan went to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) and said, “O Muhammad! You order people to obey Allah and to keep good relations with kith and kin. No doubt the people of your tribe are dying, so please pray to Allah for them.” So Allah revealed:
“Then watch you For the day that The sky will bring forth a kind Of smoke Plainly visible … Verily! You will return (to disbelief) On the day when We shall seize You with a mighty grasp (al-Batshata al-Kubra). (44.10-16)
Ibn Mas’ud added, “al-Batsha (i.e. grasp) happened in the battle of Badr and no doubt smoke, al-Batsha, al-Lizam (disbeliever captives from Badr or the punishment), and the verse of Surat Ar-Rum (defeat of Romans) have all passed.
30.6 Ibn Kathir (رحمه الله) related about
﴾ ومن آياته أن خلقكم من تراب ثم إذا أنتم بشر تنتشرون ﴿
And among His signs is this that He created you from dust, and then – behold you are human beings scattered! (30:20)
Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Musa said that the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said: “Allah created Adam (عليه السلام) from a handful taken from throughout the earth. Hence the sons of Adam vary as the earth varies, so they are white and red and black and (colors) in between, evil and good, easy-going or difficult – or something in between.”
(Tafsir Ibn Kathir)
30.7 Ibn Kathir (رحمه الله) related about
﴾ وهو الذي يبدأ الخلق ثم يعيده وهو أهون عليه ﴿
And it is He who begins creation; then He repeats it, and that is [even] easier for Him (30:27)
Al-Bukhari recorded that Abu Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه) said that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said: Allah says; “The son of Adam denied Me, and he had no right to do so. And he reviled Me, and he had no right to do so. As for his denying Me, it is his saying: ‘He will not remake me as He originated me’ – while originating the creation is not easier for Me than re-creating him. As for his reviling Me, it is his saying: ‘Allah has taken to Himself a son,’ while I am the One, the Self-Sufficient Master; I beget not, nor was I begotten, and there is none comparable to Me.”
(Tafsir Ibn Kathir)
30.8 Ibn Kathir (رحمه الله) related about
﴾ وإذا أذقنا الناس رحمة فرحوا بها وإن تصبهم سيئة بما قدمت أيديهم إذا هم يقنطون ﴿
And when We let the people taste mercy, they rejoice therein, but if evil afflicts them for what their hands have put forth, immediately they despair (30:36)
It was reported in the Sahih: “How wonderful is the affair of the believer. Allah does not decree anything for him but it is good for him. If good things happen to him, he gives thanks, and that is good for him; and if bad things happen to him, he bears that with patience, and that is good for him.”
(Tafsir Ibn Kathir)
30.9 Ibn Kathir (رحمه الله) related about
﴾ وما آتيتم من زكاة تريدون وجه الله فأولئك هم المضعفون ﴿
But what you give in zakah, desiring the countenance of Allah – those are the multipliers (30:39)
It was reported in the Sahih: “No person gives in charity the equivalent of a date which was earned in a lawful manner, but the Most Merciful takes it in His Right Hand and takes care of it for its owner, just as any one of you takes care of his foal or young camel, until the date becomes the size of Mount Uhud.”
(Tafsir Ibn Kathir)
30.10 Ibn Kathir (رحمه الله) related about
﴾ ظهر الفساد في البر والبحر بما كسبت أيدي الناس ﴿
Corruption has appeared throughout the land and sea by [reason of] what the hands of people have earned (30:41)
It says in the Hadith which was recorded by Abu Dawud: “Any prescribed punishment which is carried out in the land is better for its people than if it were to rain for forty days.”
It was reported in the Sahih: “When the evildoer dies, it is a relief for the people, the land, the trees and the animals.
Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (رحمه الله)recorded that Abu Qahdham said: “At the time of Ziyad, a man found a cloth in which were wrapped grains of wheat which were as big as date stones; on it was written: ‘This grew at a time when justice prevailed.’ ”
(Tafsir Ibn Kathir)
30.11 Ibn Kathir (رحمه الله) related about
﴾ وكان حقّا علينا نصر المؤمنين ﴿
And incumbent upon Us was support of the believers (30:47)
Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Abu Ad-Darda’ (رضي الله عنه) said: “I heard Allah’s Messenger (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) saying: “No Muslim man defends the honor of his brother except that there would be a right upon Allah to defend him from the fire of Hell on the Day of Resurrection.”
(Tafsir Ibn Kathir)
30.12 Imam Ahmad, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Munzir, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Sunni in Amal Yom wa Laylah, Tabrani, Ibn Mardawih and Bayhaqi (رحمهم الله) in Da’wat narrated from Hazrat Muaz bin Anas (رضي الله عنه) that
The of Messenger Allah (صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم) said, “Should I not tell you why Allah (عز وجل) made Abraham (عليه السلام) His Khalil (friend)? Because he used to say
﴾ فسبحان الله حين تمسون وحين تصبحون ﴿
So exalted is Allah when you reach the evening and when you reach the morning.
﴾ وله الحمد في السماوات والأرض وعشيّا وحين تظهرون ﴿
And to Him is [due all] praise throughout the heavens and the earth. And [exalted is He] at night and when you are at noon. (30:17-18)
in the morning and evening.”
(Dur al-Manthur)
30.13 Imam Sadiq (عليه السلام) in a tradition said
Whoever recites Suras Al-‘Ankabut and Ar-Room in the month of Ramadan at the twenty third night, by Allah he will be admitted in Paradise, and I do not consider any exception in this word…(with the condition that he fulfills his religious duties). These two Surahs have an important situation with Allah.
(Thawab-ul-’A‘mal)
﴾ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ﴿ 
JazakaAllahu kheir
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